Used Boat Buying Checklist & Guide

Owning a boat can be a lifelong aspiration or a testament to achievement and success. Whether it's for fishing, sailing expeditions, or even living aboard, the allure of the open water has become increasingly enticing. The gentle rocking motion, the refreshing scent of sea air, and the soothing sounds of the waves make every penny invested in a boat worthwhile.

Buying a used boat is a unique endeavor, drawing some parallels to buying a car but ultimately requiring a distinct approach. To ensure a successful acquisition, we've outlined key aspects to consider during your inspection process.

Hull Inspection

Your evaluation should commence with a thorough examination of the exterior. Even an untrained eye can discern signs of damage and neglect. The hull must be clean, devoid of barnacles and algae. Visible cracks or dents, especially in larger boats, are clear indications to reconsider the purchase.

Inspecting the boat while it's on a trailer offers a holistic view but has limitations. Hidden cracks or leaky pins may only become apparent once the vessel is in the water. If possible, arrange for an offshore inspection as well, as marina water can obscure the true condition of the hull.

Keel Assessment

Every boat, regardless of size or type, possesses a keel, which serves as its backbone. In sailboats, the keel extends prominently into the water, acting as a stabilizer against wind and waves. Given its vulnerability in shallow waters, a meticulous inspection of the sailboat's keel is crucial.

Deck Evaluation

The deck's integrity is equally important in maintaining the boat's watertightness. Look for indentations, soft spots, cracks, and fading paint, all of which could indicate water damage or delamination. Repairing the deck can be costly, so identifying these issues early is essential.

Helm Examination

The helm, whether it's a simple steering wheel setup or a more complex enclosed area, should be thoroughly checked. Test the engine, navigation equipment, and radio for functionality. Ensure that seats are free from cracks and discoloration, and that all dials and controls are clear and operational.

Interior Inspection

Stepping into the cabin, pay close attention to the smell, as it can indicate the presence of mold, moisture, or leaks. These issues can be managed with diligent cleaning and maintenance but can become intolerable and hazardous if left unchecked. Inspect the interior like you would a small apartment or RV, noting the condition of furniture, appliances, and fixtures.

Engine Analysis

While a basic understanding of engines can be helpful, the following tips apply to most buyers:

The engine should be clean, with no visible corrosion or oil leaks. Check the oil level and clarity, and if possible, inspect the fuel tank for rust or impurities.

During a test sail, observe the transmission for smooth shifting and listen for abnormal noises. The engine should respond promptly to throttle adjustments, with no choking or power loss.
Propeller Check

Don't overlook the propeller, which is prone to damage. Ensure the fins are symmetrical and free from bends, and that the shaft is in good condition. An unbalanced propeller can cause vibrations that damage the transmission.

Mast and Sails (for Sailboats)

Sailboats require additional inspections, focusing on the mast, mainsail, jib, and boom. Look for wear and tear on these components, as repairs can be costly. When raising the sails, inspect them for tears and deterioration, as new sails can be a significant expense.

Hire a Professional

While this checklist provides a solid foundation for assessing a boat's condition, hiring a professional appraiser is highly recommended for all but the most inexpensive vessels. They can identify issues you may miss, provide an accurate valuation, and estimate future repair costs, ultimately saving you time, money, and headaches.